Fault families, not just codes
Every brand numbers its faults differently, but they fall into a handful of families. Read the family and you are most of the way to the cause. Grid faults (grid over/under-voltage or frequency) mean the supply the inverter is tied to is out of limits — common on weak Kenyan feeders, and often the grid's fault, not the inverter's. Isolation / insulation (ISO / Riso) faults point to moisture ingress or damaged DC cabling lowering the array's insulation resistance to earth. Over-temperature points to a baking or poorly-ventilated install location. DC over-voltage means too many panels in the string for the cold-morning open-circuit voltage. Arc-fault / AFCI trips point to a loose or degraded DC connection.
The discipline is the same as any diagnosis: read the code, identify the family, and check the cause before resetting. Repeatedly clearing an isolation fault without finding the moisture or damaged cable just defers a failure — and on the DC side, that can be a fire risk.
